{ "leansignal_demand_export": "1.0", "exported_at": "2026-07-17T00:00:00Z", "source_tenant": "leansignal-catalog", "catalog": { "slug": "postgresql-otel-demand-standard", "integration": "postgresql", "variant": "standard", "title": "PostgreSQL — Standard", "category": "Database", "dashboards": 1, "panels": 8, "alerts": 6, "docs_url": "https://docs.leansignal.io/integrations/postgresql/" }, "demand": { "ref": "demand", "name": "PostgreSQL — Standard (OpenTelemetry)", "description": "A rounded operational view: adds rollback rate, tuple operations, database size, and live/dead rows, with warning/critical alerting. The recommended default for PostgreSQL.", "dashboards": [ { "ref": "dash-postgresql", "name": "PostgreSQL — Standard", "description": "PostgreSQL metrics from the OpenTelemetry postgresqlreceiver — backends, commits/rollbacks, cache hits, tuple ops, sizes, replication, and (opt-in) deadlocks and temp files (standard variant).", "data": { "display": { "name": "PostgreSQL — Standard" }, "panels": { "active_backends": { "kind": "Panel", "spec": { "display": { "name": "Active backends", "description": "Server backends per database." }, "plugin": { "kind": "TimeSeriesChart", "spec": { "legend": { "position": "bottom", "mode": "table", "values": [ "last-number", "mean", "max" ] }, "yAxis": { "format": { "unit": "decimal" }, "min": 0 } } }, "queries": [ { "kind": "TimeSeriesQuery", "spec": { "plugin": { "kind": "PrometheusTimeSeriesQuery", "spec": { "query": "sum by (instance, postgresql_database_name) (postgresql_backends{instance=~\"$instance\"})", "seriesNameFormat": "{{instance}} · {{postgresql_database_name}}" } } } } ] } }, "connection_utilization": { "kind": "Panel", "spec": { "display": { "name": "Connection utilization", "description": "Backends as a share of max_connections — the headroom before clients get refused." }, "plugin": { "kind": "TimeSeriesChart", "spec": { "legend": { "position": "bottom", "mode": "table", "values": [ "last-number", "mean", "max" ] }, "yAxis": { "format": { "unit": "percent-decimal" }, "min": 0, "max": 1 } } }, "queries": [ { "kind": "TimeSeriesQuery", "spec": { "plugin": { "kind": "PrometheusTimeSeriesQuery", "spec": { "query": "sum by (instance) (postgresql_backends{instance=~\"$instance\"}) / max by (instance) (postgresql_connection_max{instance=~\"$instance\"})", "seriesNameFormat": "{{instance}}" } } } } ] } }, "transaction_rate": { "kind": "Panel", "spec": { "display": { "name": "Transaction rate", "description": "Commits plus rollbacks per database." }, "plugin": { "kind": "TimeSeriesChart", "spec": { "legend": { "position": "bottom", "mode": "table", "values": [ "last-number", "mean", "max" ] }, "yAxis": { "format": { "unit": "ops/sec" }, "min": 0 } } }, "queries": [ { "kind": "TimeSeriesQuery", "spec": { "plugin": { "kind": "PrometheusTimeSeriesQuery", "spec": { "query": "sum by (instance, postgresql_database_name) (rate(postgresql_commits_total{instance=~\"$instance\"}[5m]) + rate(postgresql_rollbacks_total{instance=~\"$instance\"}[5m]))", "seriesNameFormat": "{{instance}} · {{postgresql_database_name}}" } } } } ] } }, "rollback_rate": { "kind": "Panel", "spec": { "display": { "name": "Rollback rate", "description": "A rollback spike usually means application errors or deadlocks." }, "plugin": { "kind": "TimeSeriesChart", "spec": { "legend": { "position": "bottom", "mode": "table", "values": [ "last-number", "mean", "max" ] }, "yAxis": { "format": { "unit": "ops/sec" }, "min": 0 } } }, "queries": [ { "kind": "TimeSeriesQuery", "spec": { "plugin": { "kind": "PrometheusTimeSeriesQuery", "spec": { "query": "sum by (instance, postgresql_database_name) (rate(postgresql_rollbacks_total{instance=~\"$instance\"}[5m]))", "seriesNameFormat": "{{instance}} · {{postgresql_database_name}}" } } } } ] } }, "tuple_operations": { "kind": "Panel", "spec": { "display": { "name": "Tuple operations", "description": "Rows inserted/updated/deleted/hot-updated per second." }, "plugin": { "kind": "TimeSeriesChart", "spec": { "legend": { "position": "bottom", "mode": "table", "values": [ "last-number", "mean", "max" ] }, "yAxis": { "format": { "unit": "ops/sec" }, "min": 0 } } }, "queries": [ { "kind": "TimeSeriesQuery", "spec": { "plugin": { "kind": "PrometheusTimeSeriesQuery", "spec": { "query": "sum by (instance, operation) (rate(postgresql_operations_total{instance=~\"$instance\"}[5m]))", "seriesNameFormat": "{{instance}} · {{operation}}" } } } } ] } }, "cache_hit_ratio": { "kind": "Panel", "spec": { "display": { "name": "Cache hit ratio", "description": "Block reads served from shared buffers — below ~95% means disk pressure." }, "plugin": { "kind": "TimeSeriesChart", "spec": { "legend": { "position": "bottom", "mode": "table", "values": [ "last-number", "mean", "max" ] }, "yAxis": { "format": { "unit": "percent-decimal" }, "min": 0, "max": 1 } } }, "queries": [ { "kind": "TimeSeriesQuery", "spec": { "plugin": { "kind": "PrometheusTimeSeriesQuery", "spec": { "query": "sum by (instance, postgresql_database_name) (rate(postgresql_blocks_read_total{instance=~\"$instance\",source=~\".+_hit\"}[5m])) / sum by (instance, postgresql_database_name) (rate(postgresql_blocks_read_total{instance=~\"$instance\"}[5m]))", "seriesNameFormat": "{{instance}} · {{postgresql_database_name}}" } } } } ] } }, "database_size": { "kind": "Panel", "spec": { "display": { "name": "Database size", "description": "On-disk size per database — watch the growth trend, not the absolute number." }, "plugin": { "kind": "TimeSeriesChart", "spec": { "legend": { "position": "bottom", "mode": "table", "values": [ "last-number", "mean", "max" ] }, "yAxis": { "format": { "unit": "bytes" }, "min": 0 } } }, "queries": [ { "kind": "TimeSeriesQuery", "spec": { "plugin": { "kind": "PrometheusTimeSeriesQuery", "spec": { "query": "sum by (instance, postgresql_database_name) (postgresql_db_size_bytes{instance=~\"$instance\"})", "seriesNameFormat": "{{instance}} · {{postgresql_database_name}}" } } } } ] } }, "live_dead_rows": { "kind": "Panel", "spec": { "display": { "name": "Live vs dead rows", "description": "Dead-row growth means autovacuum is falling behind (table bloat)." }, "plugin": { "kind": "TimeSeriesChart", "spec": { "legend": { "position": "bottom", "mode": "table", "values": [ "last-number", "mean", "max" ] }, "yAxis": { "format": { "unit": "decimal" }, "min": 0 } } }, "queries": [ { "kind": "TimeSeriesQuery", "spec": { "plugin": { "kind": "PrometheusTimeSeriesQuery", "spec": { "query": "sum by (instance, state) (postgresql_rows{instance=~\"$instance\"})", "seriesNameFormat": "{{instance}} · {{state}}" } } } } ] } } }, "layouts": [ { "kind": "Grid", "spec": { "display": { "title": "Connections", "collapse": { "open": true } }, "items": [ { "x": 0, "y": 0, "width": 12, "height": 8, "content": { "$ref": "#/spec/panels/active_backends" } }, { "x": 12, "y": 0, "width": 12, "height": 8, "content": { "$ref": "#/spec/panels/connection_utilization" } } ] } }, { "kind": "Grid", "spec": { "display": { "title": "Throughput", "collapse": { "open": true } }, "items": [ { "x": 0, "y": 0, "width": 12, "height": 8, "content": { "$ref": "#/spec/panels/transaction_rate" } }, { "x": 12, "y": 0, "width": 12, "height": 8, "content": { "$ref": "#/spec/panels/rollback_rate" } }, { "x": 0, "y": 8, "width": 12, "height": 8, "content": { "$ref": "#/spec/panels/tuple_operations" } } ] } }, { "kind": "Grid", "spec": { "display": { "title": "Cache", "collapse": { "open": true } }, "items": [ { "x": 0, "y": 0, "width": 12, "height": 8, "content": { "$ref": "#/spec/panels/cache_hit_ratio" } } ] } }, { "kind": "Grid", "spec": { "display": { "title": "Storage", "collapse": { "open": true } }, "items": [ { "x": 0, "y": 0, "width": 12, "height": 8, "content": { "$ref": "#/spec/panels/database_size" } }, { "x": 12, "y": 0, "width": 12, "height": 8, "content": { "$ref": "#/spec/panels/live_dead_rows" } } ] } } ], "variables": [ { "kind": "ListVariable", "spec": { "name": "instance", "display": { "name": "Instance" }, "allowAllValue": true, "allowMultiple": true, "customAllValue": ".*", "defaultValue": ".*", "plugin": { "kind": "PrometheusLabelValuesVariable", "spec": { "labelName": "instance" } } } } ], "duration": "1h", "refreshInterval": "30s", "datasources": {} } } ], "alert_rules": [ { "ref": "alert-postgresql-connection-saturation", "name": "PostgreSQL connection saturation", "description": null, "query": "sum(postgresql_backends) / max(postgresql_connection_max)", "condition_op": "gt", "threshold": 0.9, "interval": "1m", "for": "5m", "severity": "critical", "message": "PostgreSQL is using {{value | percent:1}} of max_connections — approaching the connection limit.", "notify_on_resolve": true, "paused": false, "channels": [] }, { "ref": "alert-postgresql-low-cache-hit-ratio", "name": "PostgreSQL low cache hit ratio", "description": null, "query": "sum by (postgresql_database_name) (rate(postgresql_blocks_read_total{source=~\".+_hit\"}[5m])) / sum by (postgresql_database_name) (rate(postgresql_blocks_read_total[5m]))", "condition_op": "lt", "threshold": 0.95, "interval": "1m", "for": "15m", "severity": "warning", "message": "PostgreSQL cache hit ratio on {{labels.postgresql_database_name}} is {{value}} — shared_buffers may be too small.", "notify_on_resolve": true, "paused": false, "channels": [] }, { "ref": "alert-postgresql-high-rollback-ratio", "name": "PostgreSQL high rollback ratio", "description": null, "query": "sum by (postgresql_database_name) (rate(postgresql_rollbacks_total[5m])) / clamp_min(sum by (postgresql_database_name) (rate(postgresql_commits_total[5m]) + rate(postgresql_rollbacks_total[5m])), 1)", "condition_op": "gt", "threshold": 0.1, "interval": "1m", "for": "10m", "severity": "warning", "message": "PostgreSQL {{labels.postgresql_database_name}} rollback ratio is {{value | percent:1}} of transactions.", "notify_on_resolve": true, "paused": false, "channels": [] }, { "ref": "alert-postgresql-high-dead-tuples", "name": "PostgreSQL high dead tuples", "description": null, "query": "sum by (postgresql_database_name) (postgresql_rows{state=\"dead\"})", "condition_op": "gt", "threshold": 100000, "interval": "1m", "for": "15m", "severity": "warning", "message": "PostgreSQL {{labels.postgresql_database_name}} has {{value}} dead tuples — autovacuum may be falling behind.", "notify_on_resolve": true, "paused": false, "channels": [] }, { "ref": "alert-postgresql-replication-lag-bytes", "name": "PostgreSQL replication lag (bytes)", "description": null, "query": "max by (replication_client) (postgresql_replication_data_delay_bytes)", "condition_op": "gt", "threshold": 104857600, "interval": "1m", "for": "5m", "severity": "critical", "message": "PostgreSQL replica {{labels.replication_client}} is {{value | bytes}} behind the primary.", "notify_on_resolve": true, "paused": false, "channels": [] }, { "ref": "alert-postgresql-high-connections", "name": "PostgreSQL high backend count", "description": null, "query": "sum by (postgresql_database_name) (postgresql_backends)", "condition_op": "gt", "threshold": 100, "interval": "1m", "for": "5m", "severity": "warning", "message": "PostgreSQL database {{labels.postgresql_database_name}} has {{value}} active backends.", "notify_on_resolve": true, "paused": false, "channels": [] } ] } }